Population genetics can provide insight into ecological and evolutionary processes (i.e., mutation, genetic drift, natural selection, and migration) relevant to conservation by examining spatial and temporal patterns of genetic variation in organic populations.

Biodiversity is essential for human health and well-being, economic prosperity, food safety and security, and other areas critical to all humans and all human societies. Organisms, ecosystems and ecological processes supply us with oxygen and clean water, they help cycle carbon and fix nutrients, they enable plants to grow, they keep pests and diseases in check, and they help protect against flooding and to regulate the climate.

Biotechnological methods can be used to investigate the relationships between genetic diversity in living systems and as indicators for biodiversity toward ecological restoration efforts within those populations.